ABSTRACT
Lung carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide for both men and women. Established risk factors & probable risk factors, which are implicated in the occurrence of lung carcinomas have been identified and evidently present in the populace, especially in our Indian scenario, e.g., tobacco chewing, smoking & many more. With the increase in the incidence & prevalence of lung carcinomas, correct diagnosis at an appropriate time, has become a necessity. Cytomorphology has been in vogue since long and is still one of the most relied upon methods. Contemporarily, in the past few years, there has been a dramatic increase in what we know about the molecular genetic features of this disease entity & its various diagnostic applications. With this new knowledge, there have been new targeted non-chemotherapeutic agents available to the patients, which have shown variable efficacy in tumors of different histologic subtypes and molecular status. The correlation of the cellular features & the molecular status of these carcinomas can well be established as a synergistic tool for effective diagnosis&targeted therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To study and establish clinical and haematological correlation in cases of dengue viral infection. Methodology: A total 169 serum samples were received from L.G. Hospital for the detection of Dengue IgM during the period of October 2013 to January 2014. They were tested for the same with ELISA method. The clinical -haematological case study was done and the data was analyzed retrospectively. Results: Total 169 serum samples were tested, out of which 44(26.03%) were positive for Dengue IgM antibodies. Out of the total serum samples, Male: Female ratio and Urban: Rural ratio was 1.6:1 and 2.8:1 respectively. Peak incidence of the disease is seen in October. Clinically fever was the commonest presentation in 39(88.6%) patients followed by headache and muscle pain i.e., 33(75%) and 16(36.3%) respectively; the least common was epistaxis in 4 (9.04%) patients. Retrobulbar pain was in 3(6.8%) rash was in 6 (13.6%) and hemorrhagic manifestations in 12 (27.2%) patients. Amongst total WBC count, the proportion of Lymphocyte was above 70% in 3(6.8%) cases, between 50-70% in 17(38.6%) cases, and between 35-49% in 16(36.3%) cases and below 35% was in 8(18.18%) cases. The platelet count less than 50,000 was observed in16(36.3%) cases, 50,000 to 1, 00000 in 15(34.09%) cases and greater than 1,00,000 was in 13(29.5%) cases.19(43.1%) patients had erythrocyte sedimentation rate less than 7mm/hr, While 15(34.09%) patients had8- 20mm/hrand 10(22.7%) had more than 20 mm/hr.
ABSTRACT
Background : Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is simple, quick, inexpensive, majority are on OPD basis and minimally invasive technique used to diagnose different types of swellings located in the head and neck commonly originate from cervical lymph node, thyroid, salivary glands and soft tissues. Aim : To assess the frequency of incidences at different sites of head and neck region, and amongst the sex group. To assess distribution amongst inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Ahmedabad from October 2013 to January 2014. Patients between the ages of 1 to 80 years were enrolled into the study. A total of 146 patients with a head and neck swelling underwent FNAC. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis was correlated with detail of relevant clinical findings and investigations. Results : Out of 146 fine needle aspiration procedures, 107 (73.29%) were of lymph nodes, 25 (17.12%) were of thyroid gland, 08 (5.48%) from soft tissue and 06 (4.11%) from salivary glands. Amongst lymph node swellings (73.29%), tuberculous involvement was seen in 73 cases (68.22%) with a female preponderance. Out of total 146 lesions, 109 (74.66%) were inflammatory, 29 (19.86%) were benign and 08 (5.48%) were malignant. Conclusions : The head and neck swellings are very common conditions encountered, with most of them being on OPD basis. Our study found that FNAC is simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique to diagnose different types of head and neck swellings. It could differentiate the infective process from neoplastic one and avoids unnecessary surgeries. In case of neoplastic conditions, patient may be referred to Regional Cancer Centre.